前阵子又进一步了解了 cygwin ，原来还需要启动一个服务才能够搞定 cron 。cygwin 下不仅仅是 cron 需要以 windows 服务的方式启动，消息队列、共享内存以及信号量等进程间通信方式也需要以 windows 服务方式启动 cygserver 以后才可用。除了 cron 包，还需要确认 cygrnsrv 包已经安装：

# 安装 cron 服务
cygrunsrv -I cron -p /usr/sbin/cron -a -D
# 启动服务: 也可以用 windows 的启动方式 net start cron
cygrunsrv -S cron

# 启动 cygserver
cygrunsrv -I cygserver -p /usr/sbin/cygserver -e "CYGWIN=server"

启动 cron 以后，即使关闭 cygwin 命令窗口，crond 还是会继续运行 :) ，而且默认是自动启动的服务，重启机器以后依然运行—不需要开 cygwin 窗口。

如果用于运行cron的用户是有密码的

则需要用

cron-config来进行初始化配置

Accessibility
Admin
shutdown: Shutdown, reboot, hibernate or suspend the machine
Base
alternatives: A tool for managing package conflicts
ash: A Bourne Shell (/bin/sh) workalike
bash: The GNU Bourne Again SHell
coreutils: GNU core utilities
cygwin: The UNIX emulation engine   1.5.24-2
cygwin-doc: Utilities for finding files--fine, xargs, locate, updatedb
gawk: GNU awk, a pattern scanning and processing language
grep: Search and print textual input for lines which match a specified pattern
gzip: The GNU compression utility
login:  Sign on to a system
man : Man, apropos and wahtis
run: Start console programs with hidden console
sed: The GNU sed stream editor
tar: A GNU file archiving program
which: Displasy where a particular program in your path is located

Database
db4.5: Oracle Berkeley DB, the industry-leading open source, embeddable database engine - base program
libdb4.5: ... - runtime
libdb4.5-devel: ... - devel
gdbm: GNU dbm database routines (utilities)   1.8.3-8
libgdbm: ... - runtime
libgdbm-devel: ... - devel
Devel
ELFIO: ELF file reader and producer implemented as a C++ library
SWI-Prolog: Prolog Interpreter
aalib-devel: An ascii art library
apr1: The Apache Portable Runtime
aprutil1: Additional utility library for use with the Apache Portable Runtime
autoconf: Wrapper scripts for autoconf commands 4-1
autoconf2.1: Stable version of the automatic configure script builder 2.13-3
autoconf2.5: Development version of the automatic configure script builder 2.61-2
automake: Wrapper scripts for automake and aclocal 2-1
automake1.9: a tool for generating GNU-compliant Makefiles 1.9.6-2
bashdb: Debugger for bash scripts 3.1_0.08-1
binutils: The GNU assembler, linker and binary utilities 20060817-1
bison: A parser generator that is compatile with YACC 2.3-1
boost: Portable C++ libraries useful across a broad spectrum of applications. 1.33.1-3
boost-devel: ...
libboost: ...
byacc: The Berkeley LALR parser generator 1.9-1
cvs: Concurrent Version System 1.11.22-1
cvsps: Generates patchset informtion from a CVS repository
cvsutils: CVS client utilities for offline work
cygport: Cygwin source packaging tool
ddd: Ddd
dejagnu: Framework for running test suites on software tools
diffstat: Generate statistics on diff output.
e2fsimage: Utility for creating ext2 filesytem images.
e2fsprogs: Ext2 filesystem utilities
eventlog: Structured event logging library
expat: XML parser library written in C
flex: A fast lexical analyzer generator
gcc: C compiler upgrade helper   3.4.4-3
gcc-core: C compiler   3.4.4-3
gcc-g++: C++ compiler 3.4.4-3
gdb: The GNU Debugger
glib-devel: Gnome C function library
gperf: Perfect hash function generator
guile-devel: The GNU extension language and Scheme interpreter - development
help2man: creates man pages from program output
indent: C/C++ language source code formatting program
ioperm: Support for ioperm()/iopl() functions
libfcgi-devel: Headers and Libraries for FastCGI(fcgi)
libncurses-devel: Libraries for terminal handling
libiconv: GNU character set conversion library and utilities
libtool1.5: A shared library generation tool
libusb-win32: USB programming library
libxml2: XML C parser and toolkit (runtime and apps)
libxml2-devel: ... (devel)
make: The GNU version of the 'make' utility 3.81-1
mingw-runtime: MinGW Runtime
mktemp: Allows safe temp file/dir creation from shell scripts
pcre: Perl-Compatible Regular Expressions (devel)
pkg-config: A utility used to retrieve information about installed libraries
plotutils-devel: Header files and link libraries for plotutils dlls
python-brlapi: Braille python bindings
python-pyrex: Compile native-code modules for Python from python-like syntax
ruby: Interpreted object-oriented scripting language
speex-devel: An open-source, patent-free speech codec (Devel)
swig: Simplified Wrapper Interface Generator
tcm: Toolkit for Conceptual Modeling (TCM)
xdelta: Computes changes between binary files.
xerces-c-devel: A validating XML parser written in a portable subset of C++
Doc
GConf2-doc: GNOME configuration database system (API doc)
atk-doc: Accessibility Toolkit library (API doc)
cygwin-doc:
docbook-xml44: DocBook XML DTD 4.4
expat: XML parser library written in C
libexpat0: ...
man: Man, aprops and whatis
texinfo: Documentation system for on-line information and printed output

Games
ctris: Console mode tetris clone
typespeed: Test your typing speed, and get your flinger's CPS
Gnome
GConf2: GNOME configuration database system (runtime)
GConf2-devel:
GConf2-doc:
atk: Accessibility Toolkit library (runtime)
atk-devel:
atk-doc:
audiofile: Digital audio file library (executables)
glib2: GNOME C funciton library (runtime)
glib2-devel:
glib2-doc:
gnome-common: Common development files for GNOME 2.x
gnome-libs:
gnome-vfs2: GNOME Virtual File System libraries (runtime)
gonme-vfs2-devel:
gtk-engines:
gmlib: Graphics rendering library
intltool: GNOME source internalization scripts
libart_lgpl: GNOME 1.4 core libraries (libart)
libaudiofile-devel:
libaudiofile0: ... (runtime)
libgnome: GNOME 1.4 core libraries (non UI)
libgnomeui:
libxml: XML C parser and toolkit (version1)
libxml2: ... (runtime and apps)
libxml2-devel:
libxslt: The GNOME XSLT C library (runtime)
libxslt-devel:
libzvt: GNOME 1.4 core libraries (virtual terminal)
pygtk2:
pylibxml2:
pylibxslt:
python-libxml2:
python-libxslt:
startup-notification: Program startup notification library
Graphics
GraphicsMagick:
ImageMagick: Image maniplulation software suite (utilities)
aalib: An ascii art library
aalib-devel: ... (devel)
glitz: OpenGL image compositing library
gnuplot: A command-line driven interactive function plotting utility
imlib: Graphics rendering library
jpeg: A library for manipulating JPEG image formt files
lcms: A small-footprint, speed optimized color management engine
opengl: OpenGL-related libraries
ploticus: Command-line plot and graph generator
Interpreters
SWI-Prolog: Prolog Interpreter
clisp: An ANSI Common Lisp implementation
emacs: The extensible, customizable, self-documenting real-time dsiplay editor
expat:
libexpat0:
expect: A program that 'talk' to other programs
gawk:
guile:
m4:
perl:
python:
ruby:

KDE
qt3: C++ GUI application framework
Libs
ELFIO:
boost:
catgets: Catgets message catalog API
compface: 48*48*1 image compression and decompression
crypt: Encryption/Decryption utility and library)
eventlog: Sturctured event logging library
fftw3: Library for computing Fast Fourier Transforms
freeglut: OpenSourced alternative to the OpenGL Utility Toolkit
glib: Gnome C Function library
glib2: GNOME C Function library (runtime)
libltdl3: Libtool's dynamic loader
libmcrypt: An encryption library
libncurses8: Libraries for terminal handling (runtime)
ncurses: Libraries for terminal handling (main package)        5.5-3
mhash: Libray of hash algorithms
openssl:
popt: Library for parsing cmdline parameters
readline: GNU readline and history libraries
subversion:
tcltk: TCL/Tk libraries
zlib: The zlib compression and decompression library

Mail
email
exim:
tin:
Math
bc: The GNU numeric processing language and reverse polish calculator
clisp:
gmp: a free    library for arbitrary precision arithmetic
fftw3:
mathomatic:
octave:
Mingw
Net
curl: Command line tool for tarnsferring files with HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, etc.
irc: An Internet Relay Chat (IRC) client
lftp:
lighttpd:
ping:
whois: GNU whois
ttcp:
xinetd: The extended Internet services daemon
Publishing
Perl
Python
Numeric: Numeric Python module
asciidoc: Text based document generation
Security
flawfinder: Examine source and look for security weaknesses
Shells
System
util-linux: Random clollection of Linux utilities
Text
Utils
ELFIO:
bc:
mt: Magnetic Tape manipulation utility
ncdu: NCurses Disk Usage
rpm: A package management system
Web
apache:
curl:
fcgi:
lighttpd:

转载自：http://blog.chinaunix.net/u/16651/showart_454722.html

第一篇：http://hi.baidu.com/qiraosky/blog/item/35a7f144d9f3488ab3b7dc2e.html

sshd服务是一种安全连接，它能让你访问服务器上的命令行界面。Windows本身没有提供该服务，所以我们可以通过 cygwin 来进行安装。
安装 cygwin

首先安装 cygwin。安装时间为 2006-10-8，Cygwin DLL版本为 1.5.21-1。除了默认的软件包之外，又增加了以下软件包。

* Admin
o cron-3.0.1-19
o cygrunsrv-1.17-1
o shutdown-1.7-1
o syslog-ng-1.6.11-1
* Archive
o unzip-5.50-5
o zip-2.3-6
* Devel
o subversion-1.3.2-1
* Editors:
o vim-7.0.076-1
* Interpreters
o gawk-3.1.5-4
o perl-5.8.7-5
o expat-1.95.8-1
* Libs
* Net
o lftp-3.5.1-1
o openssh-4.4p1-1
o openssl-0.98d-1
o openssl097-0.9.7l-1
o ping-1.0-1
o netcat-1.10-2
* Shells
o ash-20040127-3
o bsah-3.1-9
o bash-completion-20060301-1
o mc-4.6.1-2
* Utils
o patch-2.5.8-8
o time-1.7-1
* Web
o wget-1.10.2-1

安装

用管理员用户登录，启动 cygwin 命令行，执行以下命令。

$ ssh-host-config
Generating /etc/ssh_host_key
Generating /etc/ssh_host_rsa_key
Generating /etc/ssh_host_dsa_key
Generating /etc/ssh_config file
Privilege separation is set to yes by default since OpenSSH 3.3.
However, this requires a non-privileged account called 'sshd'.
For more info on privilege separation read /usr/doc/openssh/README.privsep.

Shall privilege separation be used? (yes/no) yes
Warning: The following function requires administrator privileges!
Shall this script create a local user 'sshd' on this machine? (yes/no) yes
Generating /etc/sshd_config file
Added ssh to /cygdrive/c/WINDOWS/system32/drivers/etc/services

Do you want to install sshd as service?
(Say "no" if it's already installed as service) (yes/no) yes

Which value should the environment variable CYGWIN have when
sshd starts? It's recommended to set at least "ntsec" to be
able to change user context without password.
Default is "ntsec".  CYGWIN=binmode ntsec tty

The service has been installed under LocalSystem account.
To start the service, call `net start sshd' or `cygrunsrc -S ssdh'.

Host configuration finished. Have fun!

配置 sshd

在 cygwin 的命令行中输入以下命令：

$ cd /etc
$ chmod 666 sshd_config
$ vi sshd_config

修改 sshd_config 的以下配置。

PermitRootLogin no       # 禁止root登录
StrictModes yes          # CYGWIN=ntsec时的安全配置
RhostsRSAAuthentication no   # 禁止 rhosts 认证
IgnoreRhosts yes         # 禁止 rhosts 认证
PasswordAuthentication no    # 禁止密码认证
ChallengeResponseAuthentication no    # 禁止密码认证
PermitEmptyPasswords no     # 禁止空密码用户登录

最后将 sshd_config 的权限修改回 644。

$ chmod 644 sshd_config

启动 sshd 服务器。

$ cygrunsrv -S sshd

生成公钥和密钥

由于我们上面的设置仅允许密钥方式认证，所以要为我们的用户生成一对公钥和密钥。

在 cygwin 的控制台中执行以下命令，生成 ssh1 的公钥和密钥。

$ ssh-keygen -t rsa1
Generating public/private rsa1 key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/home/charlee/.ssh/identity):
Enterpassphrase (empty for no passphrase):  输入密码
Enter same passphrase again:   再次输入密码
Your identification has been sabed in /home/charlee/.ssh/identity
Your public key has been saved in /home/charlee/.ssh/identity.pub

类似的方法，使用下面的命令生成 ssh2 的公钥和密钥。

$ ssh-keygen -t rsa
$ ssh-keygen -t dsa

将公钥导入到认证公钥中：

$ cd .ssh
$ cat identity.pub >> authorized_keys
$ cat id_rsa.pub >> authorized_keys
$ cat id_dsa.pub >> authorized_keys

因为我们在 /etc/sshd_config 的配置中使用了 StrictModes yes 的设置，所以要修改目录权限，命令如下。

$ chmod 755 /home/charlee

然后将密钥 identity、id_rsa、id_dsa 文件用某种方式复制到客户端。我使用的客户端是 Linux，因此只要将这三个文件复制到客户端的 $HOME/.ssh 目录下即可。

登录服务器。在客户端上输入以下命令，即可登录服务器。

$ ssh 192.168.0.2

常见问题

2008-12-11更新

Q: cygrunsrv -S sshd不能启动，报告

cygrunsrv: Error starting a service: QueryServiceStatus: Win32 error 1062:
The service has not been started.

A: 很可能是/var/log的权限设置不正确。首先执行 mkpasswd 和 mkgroup 重新生成权限信息，再删除sshd服务，重新配置：

$ mkpasswd -l > /etc/passwd
$ mkgroup -l > /etc/group
$ cygrunsrv -R sshd
$ ssh-host-config -y
$ cygrunsrv -S sshd

Q: 用公钥登录时老是说Permission denied (publickey).，怎么办？

A: 可以在Windows的事件日志（我的电脑->右键->管理->事件查看器）中看到sshd产生的错误信息。常见的问题是 .ssh/authorized_keys权限设置不正确，该文件必须设置为 0644 才能正常登录。

补充：
我是装了又装，还是无法启动sshd。
出现这个错误
cygrunsrv: Error starting a service: QueryServiceStatus: Win32 error 1062:
The service has not been started.
除了以上所说的，还有一个可能是cygwin1.dll冲突了。

在Windows事件查看器里看到以下信息：

事件 ID ( 0 )的描述(在资源( sshd )中)无法找到。本地计算机可能没有必要的注册信息或消息 DLL 文件来从远端计算机显示消息。您可能可以使用 /AUXSOURCE= 标识来检索词描述；查看帮助和支持以了解详细信息。下列信息是事件的一部分: sshd: PID 2124: `sshd' service started.

最后tail /var/log/sshd.log，看到里面有错误信息，Google之，发现以下文章
http://jansel.javaeye.com/blog/345653

cygwin安装问题，与cntlm冲突

关键字: cygwin cntlm
安装了好多次cygwin没有成功，始终在执行到17%或者97%的地方停住。最后只好在安全模式下安装，没有想到竟然成功了。

返回到正常启动模式，发现如下问题：

Error代码
*** fatal error - system shared memory version mismatch detected - 0x2D1E009C/ 0x8A88009C.
This problem is probably due to using incompatible versions of the cygwin DLL. Search for cygwin1.dll using the Windows Start->Find/Search facility
and delete all but the most recent version. The most recent version *should* reside in x:cygwinbin, where 'x' is the drive on which you have
installed the cygwin distribution. Rebooting is also suggested if you
are unable to find another cygwin DLL.

照着提示，把全部硬盘扫描了一遍，发现Cntlm竟然也用到了cygwin1.dll，不过版本比较低，是24的；而我自己安装的cygwin是25的，不兼容。把Cntlm的24版本替换为25版本之后，cygwin可以正常使用，Cntlm也MS没有问题。

一点感受：cygwin的错误提示做的真的不错。再想想自己的产品。

我没有装Cntlm，但用search everything查找，发现好多地方有cygwin1.dll
D:dig
D:APMServ5.2.6nginx
D:APMServ5.2.6shell
其中D:dig加到了PATH中，估计是这个cygwin1.dll比较旧导致的。
把D:dig从PATH中移除，重启XP就可以启动了。